{"id":833,"date":"2025-03-03T09:45:41","date_gmt":"2025-03-03T08:45:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.viva-gladius.com\/?p=833"},"modified":"2025-03-03T09:45:42","modified_gmt":"2025-03-03T08:45:42","slug":"neohrozeny-orel-gaius-marius-157-86-b-c","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.viva-gladius.com\/?p=833","title":{"rendered":"Neohro\u017een\u00fd Orel \u2013 Gaius Marius (157 \u2013 86 b.c.)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Byl vojev\u016fdce a politik zvolen\u00fd celkem sedmkr\u00e1t \u0158\u00edmsk\u00fdm konzulem. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00fd jin\u00fd \u0158\u00edman tento \u00fa\u0159ad tolikr\u00e1t nezast\u00e1val. Do d\u011bjin \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu se zapsal tak\u00e9 reformou \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fdch arm\u00e1d,v n\u00ed\u017e nov\u011b p\u0159ipustil i verbov\u00e1n\u00ed ob\u010dan\u016f nedisponuj\u00edc\u00edch vlastn\u00ed p\u016fdou. Krom\u011b toho rovn\u011b\u017e reorganizoval a uspo\u0159\u00e1dal legie, jej\u00ed\u017e z\u00e1kladn\u00ed jednotkou se stala kohorta, m\u00edsto manipulu.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Legenda vypr\u00e1v\u00ed, \u017ee m\u011bl Gaius Marius v&nbsp;d\u011btstv\u00ed nal\u00e9zt orl\u00ed hn\u00edzdo se sedmi vejci. Proto\u017ee orel byl pokl\u00e1d\u00e1n za posv\u00e1tn\u00e9 zv\u00ed\u0159e nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9ho boha, byla tato ud\u00e1lost pozd\u011bji vykl\u00e1d\u00e1na jako p\u0159edzv\u011bst jeho sedmin\u00e1sobn\u00e9ho konzul\u00e1tu. Pr\u00e1v\u011b Gaius Marius vydal na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, v n\u011bm\u017e byl orel ozna\u010den za ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fd symbol.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Invaze germ\u00e1n\u016f v &nbsp;ji\u017en\u00ed Galii, v\u00e1zala velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fdch vojsk. \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 proto \u010delili nedostatku lidsk\u00fdch sil, s n\u00edm\u017e se obt\u00ed\u017en\u011b vyrovn\u00e1vali. Mari\u016fv pl\u00e1n, jak tento probl\u00e9m vy\u0159e\u0161it, se uk\u00e1zal b\u00fdt jednou z nejp\u0159evratn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch reforem, jakou \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e1 legie v\u016fbec kdy podstoupila. Marius se uch\u00fdlil k bezprecedentn\u00edmu kroku, kdy\u017e poskytl st\u00e1l\u00e9 placen\u00e9 zam\u011bstnan\u00ed v podob\u011b slu\u017eby v jeho arm\u00e1d\u011b i bezzemk\u016fm. Krom\u011b toho jim Marius zaru\u010dil v\u00e1le\u010dnou ko\u0159ist a rovn\u011b\u017e p\u0159isl\u00edbil p\u0159\u00edd\u011bl p\u016fdy po propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed z vojska. Jeliko\u017e se chud\u00fdm ob\u010dan\u016fm nenask\u00fdtala jin\u00e1 mo\u017enost, jak zlep\u0161it sv\u00e9 spole\u010densk\u00e9 postaven\u00ed, ochotn\u011b se chopili \u0161ance, kterou jim Marius nab\u00eddl, a vstoupili do jeho nov\u00e9ho vojska. Voj\u00e1ci m\u011bli ov\u0161em velmi siln\u00fd osobn\u00ed z\u00e1jem podporovat sv\u00e9ho velitele t\u0159eba i proti v\u016fli \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9ho sen\u00e1tu, nebo\u0165 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na jejich gener\u00e1lovi z\u00e1viselo, zda po skon\u010den\u00ed slu\u017eby obdr\u017e\u00ed p\u0159isl\u00edbenou p\u016fdu. Mariem vytvo\u0159en\u00e9&nbsp;&nbsp;vojsko se stalo efektivn\u00ed vojenskou silou, le\u010d zcela loaj\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u016f\u010di sv\u00e9mu veliteli, nikoli v\u016f\u010di \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9mu st\u00e1tu. S\u00e1m Marius si t\u00edmto tahem zajistil opravdu velkou moc! Jeho voj\u00e1ci dostali neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u011b t\u011b\u017ek\u00fd v\u00fdcvik, a nau\u010dili se p\u0159ekon\u00e1vat velk\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti jen p\u011b\u0161mo, a to se sbalen\u00fdm cel\u00fdm le\u017een\u00edm. \u017dertovn\u011b si tato arm\u00e1da za\u010dala sama p\u0159ezd\u00edvat ,,Mariovi mezci\u201c.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V roce 102 p\u0159ed Kristem se Kimbrov\u00e9 vr\u00e1tili z Hisp\u00e1nie do Galie a spole\u010dn\u011b s Teutony se rozhodli napadnout It\u00e1lii. Teutoni sm\u011b\u0159ovali na jih, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e m\u011bli v \u00famyslu proniknout do It\u00e1lie cestou pod\u00e9l pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed st\u0159edozemn\u00edho mo\u0159e. Naproti tomu Kimbrov\u00e9 se pokusili p\u0159ekro\u010dit poho\u0159\u00ed Alp a prorazit do It\u00e1lie ze severov\u00fdchodu skrze pr\u016fsmyk Brennersk\u00fd. Toto rozd\u011blen\u00ed sil se v\u0161ak m\u011blo uk\u00e1zat jako osudov\u00e1 chyba. \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 t\u011b\u017e\u00edc\u00ed ze sv\u00e9ho centr\u00e1ln\u00edho postaven\u00ed a kr\u00e1tk\u00fdch komunika\u010dn\u00edch lini\u00ed si nyn\u00ed mohli vybrat, proti kter\u00e9mu z kmen\u016f koncentruj\u00ed sv\u00e9 s\u00edly. Marius napadl nejprve Teutonsk\u00e9, t\u00e1hnouc\u00ed vst\u0159\u00edc Alp\u00e1m. Odm\u00edtl se jim postavit na m\u00edst\u011b, je\u017e si sami vybrali, a rad\u011bji se st\u00e1hl k Aquae Sixteae, kde jim p\u0159ehradil cestu. \u010celn\u00ed kontingent germ\u00e1nsk\u00fdch v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00edk\u016f tvo\u0159en\u00fd kmenem Ambron\u016f se odv\u00e1\u017en\u011b le\u010d po\u0161etile vrhl proti \u0158\u00edman\u016fm, ani\u017e by vy\u010dkal posil. V\u00fdsledkem bylo 30 000 mrtv\u00fdch barbar\u016f. Marius pot\u00e9 vy\u010dlenil 3000 sv\u00fdch voj\u00e1k\u016f a ukryl je do t\u00fdlu postupuj\u00edc\u00edho hlavn\u00edho t\u011blesa Teuton\u016f. Kdy\u017e barba\u0159i zah\u00e1jili \u00fatok, vpadl jim tento odd\u00edl legion\u00e1\u0159\u016f do zad. V nastal\u00e9 bitv\u011b byli Teutoni \u00fapln\u011b vyhlazeni. Po\u010det mrtv\u00fdch Germ\u00e1n\u016f se odhaduje asi na 100 000. Ztr\u00e1ty na stran\u011b ,,Mariov\u00fdch mezk\u016f\u201c ne\u010dinily ani 4000 mu\u017e\u016f.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Mari\u016fv kolega Quintus Lutatius Catulus nem\u011bl tolik \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed, nebo\u0165 nedok\u00e1zal zabr\u00e1nit Kimbr\u016fm v pr\u016fchodu Brennersk\u00fdm pr\u016fsmykem koncem roku 102 p\u0159. n. l. a umo\u017enil jim tak proj\u00edt do P\u00e1dsk\u00e9 n\u00ed\u017einy. V zim\u011b byl Marius v \u0158\u00edm\u011b op\u011bt zvolen konzulem, na\u010de\u017e sp\u011bchal zp\u011bt na sever, aby se p\u0159ipojil ke Catulovi, jeho\u017e imp\u00e9rium bylo rovn\u011b\u017e prodlou\u017eeno. V l\u00e9t\u011b roku 101 p\u0159ed Kristem byla pak svedena bitva s Kimbry. V bitv\u011b u Vercell ,, Mariovi mezci\u201c znovu vydobyli v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed nad po\u010detn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi silami barbar\u016f, z nich\u017e v\u00edce ne\u017e 90 000 bylo zabito (v\u010detn\u011b \u017een a d\u011bt\u00ed) a v\u0161ichni ostatn\u00ed upadli do otroctv\u00ed.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Gaius Marius \u010dasto \u0159\u00edk\u00e1val \u017ee je py\u0161n\u00fd na sv\u016fj prost\u00fd p\u016fvod, a \u017ee jeho tituly jsou jizvy, kter\u00e9 utrp\u011bl v&nbsp;boji za \u0158\u00edm. P\u0159esto je nav\u017edy nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm neurozen\u00fdm mu\u017eem \u0158\u00edmsk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e.<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div><p id=\"pvc_stats_833\" class=\"pvc_stats all  \" data-element-id=\"833\" style=\"\"><i class=\"pvc-stats-icon large\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" version=\"1.0\" viewBox=\"0 0 502 315\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\"><g transform=\"translate(0,332) scale(0.1,-0.1)\" fill=\"\" stroke=\"none\"><path d=\"M2394 3279 l-29 -30 -3 -207 c-2 -182 0 -211 15 -242 39 -76 157 -76 196 0 15 31 17 60 15 243 l-3 209 -33 29 c-26 23 -41 29 -80 29 -41 0 -53 -5 -78 -31z\"\/><path d=\"M3085 3251 c-45 -19 -58 -50 -96 -229 -47 -217 -49 -260 -13 -295 52 -53 146 -42 177 20 16 31 87 366 87 410 0 70 -86 122 -155 94z\"\/><path d=\"M1751 3234 c-13 -9 -29 -31 -37 -50 -12 -29 -10 -49 21 -204 19 -94 39 -189 45 -210 14 -50 54 -80 110 -80 34 0 48 6 76 34 21 21 34 44 34 59 0 14 -18 113 -40 219 -37 178 -43 195 -70 221 -36 32 -101 37 -139 11z\"\/><path d=\"M1163 3073 c-36 -7 -73 -59 -73 -102 0 -56 133 -378 171 -413 34 -32 83 -37 129 -13 70 36 67 87 -16 290 -86 209 -89 214 -129 231 -35 14 -42 15 -82 7z\"\/><path d=\"M3689 3066 c-15 -9 -33 -30 -42 -48 -48 -103 -147 -355 -147 -375 0 -98 131 -148 192 -74 13 15 57 108 97 206 80 196 84 226 37 273 -30 30 -99 39 -137 18z\"\/><path d=\"M583 2784 c-38 -19 -67 -74 -58 -113 9 -42 211 -354 242 -373 16 -10 45 -18 66 -18 51 0 107 52 107 100 0 39 -1 41 -124 234 -80 126 -108 162 -133 173 -41 17 -61 16 -100 -3z\"\/><path d=\"M4250 2784 c-14 -9 -74 -91 -133 -183 -95 -150 -107 -173 -107 -213 0 -55 33 -94 87 -104 67 -13 90 8 211 198 130 202 137 225 78 284 -27 27 -42 34 -72 34 -22 0 -50 -8 -64 -16z\"\/><path d=\"M2275 2693 c-553 -48 -1095 -270 -1585 -649 -135 -104 -459 -423 -483 -476 -23 -49 -22 -139 2 -186 73 -142 361 -457 571 -626 285 -228 642 -407 990 -497 242 -63 336 -73 660 -74 310 0 370 5 595 52 535 111 1045 392 1455 803 122 121 250 273 275 326 19 41 19 137 0 174 -41 79 -309 363 -465 492 -447 370 -946 591 -1479 653 -113 14 -422 18 -536 8z m395 -428 c171 -34 330 -124 456 -258 112 -119 167 -219 211 -378 27 -96 24 -300 -5 -401 -72 -255 -236 -447 -474 -557 -132 -62 -201 -76 -368 -76 -167 0 -236 14 -368 76 -213 98 -373 271 -451 485 -162 444 86 934 547 1084 153 49 292 57 452 25z m909 -232 c222 -123 408 -262 593 -441 76 -74 138 -139 138 -144 0 -16 -233 -242 -330 -319 -155 -123 -309 -223 -461 -299 l-81 -41 32 46 c18 26 49 83 70 128 143 306 141 649 -6 957 -25 52 -61 116 -79 142 l-34 47 45 -20 c26 -10 76 -36 113 -56z m-2057 25 c-40 -58 -105 -190 -130 -263 -110 -324 -59 -707 132 -981 25 -35 42 -64 37 -64 -19 0 -241 119 -326 174 -188 122 -406 314 -532 468 l-58 71 108 103 c185 178 428 349 672 473 66 33 121 60 123 61 2 0 -10 -19 -26 -42z\"\/><path d=\"M2375 1950 c-198 -44 -350 -190 -395 -379 -18 -76 -8 -221 19 -290 114 -284 457 -406 731 -260 98 52 188 154 231 260 27 69 37 214 19 290 -38 163 -166 304 -326 360 -67 23 -215 33 -279 19z\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/i> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" alt=\"Loading\" src=\"https:\/\/www.viva-gladius.com\/wp-content\/plugins\/page-views-count\/ajax-loader-2x.gif\" border=0 \/><\/p><div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Byl vojev\u016fdce a politik zvolen\u00fd celkem sedmkr\u00e1t \u0158\u00edmsk\u00fdm konzulem. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00fd jin\u00fd \u0158\u00edman tento \u00fa\u0159ad tolikr\u00e1t nezast\u00e1val. Do d\u011bjin \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu se zapsal tak\u00e9 reformou \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fdch arm\u00e1d,v n\u00ed\u017e nov\u011b p\u0159ipustil i verbov\u00e1n\u00ed ob\u010dan\u016f nedisponuj\u00edc\u00edch vlastn\u00ed p\u016fdou. Krom\u011b toho rovn\u011b\u017e reorganizoval a uspo\u0159\u00e1dal legie, jej\u00ed\u017e z\u00e1kladn\u00ed jednotkou se stala kohorta, m\u00edsto manipulu. Legenda vypr\u00e1v\u00ed, \u017ee m\u011bl Gaius Marius v&nbsp;d\u011btstv\u00ed nal\u00e9zt orl\u00ed hn\u00edzdo se sedmi vejci. Proto\u017ee orel byl pokl\u00e1d\u00e1n za posv\u00e1tn\u00e9 zv\u00ed\u0159e nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9ho boha, byla tato ud\u00e1lost pozd\u011bji vykl\u00e1d\u00e1na jako p\u0159edzv\u011bst jeho sedmin\u00e1sobn\u00e9ho konzul\u00e1tu. Pr\u00e1v\u011b Gaius Marius vydal na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, v n\u011bm\u017e byl orel ozna\u010den za ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fd symbol. Invaze germ\u00e1n\u016f v &nbsp;ji\u017en\u00ed Galii, v\u00e1zala velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fdch vojsk. \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 proto \u010delili nedostatku lidsk\u00fdch sil, s n\u00edm\u017e se obt\u00ed\u017en\u011b vyrovn\u00e1vali. Mari\u016fv pl\u00e1n, jak tento probl\u00e9m vy\u0159e\u0161it, se uk\u00e1zal b\u00fdt jednou z nejp\u0159evratn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch reforem, jakou \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e1 legie v\u016fbec kdy podstoupila. Marius se uch\u00fdlil k bezprecedentn\u00edmu kroku, kdy\u017e poskytl st\u00e1l\u00e9 placen\u00e9 zam\u011bstnan\u00ed v podob\u011b slu\u017eby v jeho arm\u00e1d\u011b i bezzemk\u016fm. Krom\u011b toho jim Marius zaru\u010dil v\u00e1le\u010dnou ko\u0159ist a rovn\u011b\u017e p\u0159isl\u00edbil p\u0159\u00edd\u011bl p\u016fdy po propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed z vojska. Jeliko\u017e se chud\u00fdm ob\u010dan\u016fm nenask\u00fdtala jin\u00e1 mo\u017enost, jak zlep\u0161it sv\u00e9 spole\u010densk\u00e9 postaven\u00ed, ochotn\u011b se chopili \u0161ance, kterou jim Marius nab\u00eddl, a vstoupili do jeho nov\u00e9ho vojska. Voj\u00e1ci m\u011bli ov\u0161em velmi siln\u00fd osobn\u00ed z\u00e1jem podporovat sv\u00e9ho velitele t\u0159eba i proti v\u016fli \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9ho sen\u00e1tu, nebo\u0165 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na jejich gener\u00e1lovi z\u00e1viselo, zda po skon\u010den\u00ed slu\u017eby obdr\u017e\u00ed p\u0159isl\u00edbenou p\u016fdu. Mariem vytvo\u0159en\u00e9&nbsp;&nbsp;vojsko se stalo efektivn\u00ed vojenskou silou, le\u010d zcela loaj\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u016f\u010di sv\u00e9mu veliteli, nikoli v\u016f\u010di \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9mu st\u00e1tu. S\u00e1m Marius si t\u00edmto tahem zajistil opravdu velkou moc! Jeho voj\u00e1ci dostali neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u011b t\u011b\u017ek\u00fd v\u00fdcvik, a nau\u010dili se p\u0159ekon\u00e1vat velk\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti jen p\u011b\u0161mo, a to se sbalen\u00fdm cel\u00fdm le\u017een\u00edm. \u017dertovn\u011b si tato arm\u00e1da za\u010dala sama p\u0159ezd\u00edvat ,,Mariovi mezci\u201c. V roce 102 p\u0159ed Kristem se Kimbrov\u00e9 vr\u00e1tili z Hisp\u00e1nie do Galie a spole\u010dn\u011b s Teutony se rozhodli napadnout It\u00e1lii. Teutoni sm\u011b\u0159ovali na jih, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e m\u011bli v \u00famyslu proniknout do It\u00e1lie cestou pod\u00e9l pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed st\u0159edozemn\u00edho mo\u0159e. Naproti tomu Kimbrov\u00e9 se pokusili p\u0159ekro\u010dit poho\u0159\u00ed Alp a prorazit do It\u00e1lie ze severov\u00fdchodu skrze pr\u016fsmyk Brennersk\u00fd. Toto rozd\u011blen\u00ed sil se v\u0161ak m\u011blo uk\u00e1zat jako osudov\u00e1 chyba. \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 t\u011b\u017e\u00edc\u00ed ze sv\u00e9ho centr\u00e1ln\u00edho postaven\u00ed a kr\u00e1tk\u00fdch komunika\u010dn\u00edch lini\u00ed si nyn\u00ed mohli vybrat, proti kter\u00e9mu z kmen\u016f koncentruj\u00ed sv\u00e9 s\u00edly. Marius napadl nejprve Teutonsk\u00e9, t\u00e1hnouc\u00ed vst\u0159\u00edc Alp\u00e1m. Odm\u00edtl se jim postavit na m\u00edst\u011b, je\u017e si sami vybrali, a rad\u011bji se st\u00e1hl k Aquae Sixteae, kde jim p\u0159ehradil cestu. \u010celn\u00ed kontingent germ\u00e1nsk\u00fdch v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00edk\u016f tvo\u0159en\u00fd kmenem Ambron\u016f se odv\u00e1\u017en\u011b le\u010d po\u0161etile vrhl proti \u0158\u00edman\u016fm, ani\u017e by vy\u010dkal posil. V\u00fdsledkem bylo 30 000 mrtv\u00fdch barbar\u016f. Marius pot\u00e9 vy\u010dlenil 3000 sv\u00fdch voj\u00e1k\u016f a ukryl je do t\u00fdlu postupuj\u00edc\u00edho hlavn\u00edho t\u011blesa Teuton\u016f. Kdy\u017e barba\u0159i zah\u00e1jili \u00fatok, vpadl jim tento odd\u00edl legion\u00e1\u0159\u016f do zad. V nastal\u00e9 bitv\u011b byli Teutoni \u00fapln\u011b vyhlazeni. Po\u010det mrtv\u00fdch Germ\u00e1n\u016f se odhaduje asi na 100 000. Ztr\u00e1ty na stran\u011b ,,Mariov\u00fdch mezk\u016f\u201c ne\u010dinily ani 4000 mu\u017e\u016f. Mari\u016fv kolega Quintus Lutatius Catulus nem\u011bl tolik \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed, nebo\u0165 nedok\u00e1zal zabr\u00e1nit Kimbr\u016fm v pr\u016fchodu Brennersk\u00fdm pr\u016fsmykem koncem roku 102 p\u0159. n. l. a umo\u017enil jim tak proj\u00edt do P\u00e1dsk\u00e9 n\u00ed\u017einy. V zim\u011b byl Marius v \u0158\u00edm\u011b op\u011bt zvolen konzulem, na\u010de\u017e sp\u011bchal zp\u011bt na sever, aby se p\u0159ipojil ke Catulovi, jeho\u017e imp\u00e9rium bylo rovn\u011b\u017e prodlou\u017eeno. V l\u00e9t\u011b roku 101 p\u0159ed Kristem byla pak svedena bitva s Kimbry. V bitv\u011b u Vercell ,, Mariovi mezci\u201c znovu vydobyli v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed nad po\u010detn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi silami barbar\u016f, z nich\u017e v\u00edce ne\u017e 90 000 bylo zabito (v\u010detn\u011b \u017een a d\u011bt\u00ed) a v\u0161ichni ostatn\u00ed upadli do otroctv\u00ed. Gaius Marius \u010dasto \u0159\u00edk\u00e1val \u017ee je py\u0161n\u00fd na sv\u016fj prost\u00fd p\u016fvod, a \u017ee jeho tituly jsou jizvy, kter\u00e9 utrp\u011bl v&nbsp;boji za \u0158\u00edm. P\u0159esto je nav\u017edy nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm neurozen\u00fdm mu\u017eem \u0158\u00edmsk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e.<\/p>\n<div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div>\n<p id=\"pvc_stats_833\" class=\"pvc_stats all  \" data-element-id=\"833\" style=\"\"><i class=\"pvc-stats-icon large\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" version=\"1.0\" viewBox=\"0 0 502 315\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\"><g transform=\"translate(0,332) scale(0.1,-0.1)\" fill=\"\" stroke=\"none\"><path d=\"M2394 3279 l-29 -30 -3 -207 c-2 -182 0 -211 15 -242 39 -76 157 -76 196 0 15 31 17 60 15 243 l-3 209 -33 29 c-26 23 -41 29 -80 29 -41 0 -53 -5 -78 -31z\"\/><path d=\"M3085 3251 c-45 -19 -58 -50 -96 -229 -47 -217 -49 -260 -13 -295 52 -53 146 -42 177 20 16 31 87 366 87 410 0 70 -86 122 -155 94z\"\/><path d=\"M1751 3234 c-13 -9 -29 -31 -37 -50 -12 -29 -10 -49 21 -204 19 -94 39 -189 45 -210 14 -50 54 -80 110 -80 34 0 48 6 76 34 21 21 34 44 34 59 0 14 -18 113 -40 219 -37 178 -43 195 -70 221 -36 32 -101 37 -139 11z\"\/><path d=\"M1163 3073 c-36 -7 -73 -59 -73 -102 0 -56 133 -378 171 -413 34 -32 83 -37 129 -13 70 36 67 87 -16 290 -86 209 -89 214 -129 231 -35 14 -42 15 -82 7z\"\/><path d=\"M3689 3066 c-15 -9 -33 -30 -42 -48 -48 -103 -147 -355 -147 -375 0 -98 131 -148 192 -74 13 15 57 108 97 206 80 196 84 226 37 273 -30 30 -99 39 -137 18z\"\/><path d=\"M583 2784 c-38 -19 -67 -74 -58 -113 9 -42 211 -354 242 -373 16 -10 45 -18 66 -18 51 0 107 52 107 100 0 39 -1 41 -124 234 -80 126 -108 162 -133 173 -41 17 -61 16 -100 -3z\"\/><path d=\"M4250 2784 c-14 -9 -74 -91 -133 -183 -95 -150 -107 -173 -107 -213 0 -55 33 -94 87 -104 67 -13 90 8 211 198 130 202 137 225 78 284 -27 27 -42 34 -72 34 -22 0 -50 -8 -64 -16z\"\/><path d=\"M2275 2693 c-553 -48 -1095 -270 -1585 -649 -135 -104 -459 -423 -483 -476 -23 -49 -22 -139 2 -186 73 -142 361 -457 571 -626 285 -228 642 -407 990 -497 242 -63 336 -73 660 -74 310 0 370 5 595 52 535 111 1045 392 1455 803 122 121 250 273 275 326 19 41 19 137 0 174 -41 79 -309 363 -465 492 -447 370 -946 591 -1479 653 -113 14 -422 18 -536 8z m395 -428 c171 -34 330 -124 456 -258 112 -119 167 -219 211 -378 27 -96 24 -300 -5 -401 -72 -255 -236 -447 -474 -557 -132 -62 -201 -76 -368 -76 -167 0 -236 14 -368 76 -213 98 -373 271 -451 485 -162 444 86 934 547 1084 153 49 292 57 452 25z m909 -232 c222 -123 408 -262 593 -441 76 -74 138 -139 138 -144 0 -16 -233 -242 -330 -319 -155 -123 -309 -223 -461 -299 l-81 -41 32 46 c18 26 49 83 70 128 143 306 141 649 -6 957 -25 52 -61 116 -79 142 l-34 47 45 -20 c26 -10 76 -36 113 -56z m-2057 25 c-40 -58 -105 -190 -130 -263 -110 -324 -59 -707 132 -981 25 -35 42 -64 37 -64 -19 0 -241 119 -326 174 -188 122 -406 314 -532 468 l-58 71 108 103 c185 178 428 349 672 473 66 33 121 60 123 61 2 0 -10 -19 -26 -42z\"\/><path d=\"M2375 1950 c-198 -44 -350 -190 -395 -379 -18 -76 -8 -221 19 -290 114 -284 457 -406 731 -260 98 52 188 154 231 260 27 69 37 214 19 290 -38 163 -166 304 -326 360 -67 23 -215 33 -279 19z\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/i> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" alt=\"Loading\" src=\"https:\/\/www.viva-gladius.com\/wp-content\/plugins\/page-views-count\/ajax-loader-2x.gif\" border=0 \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":834,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-833","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nezarazene"],"a3_pvc":{"activated":true,"total_views":160,"today_views":0},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Neohro\u017een\u00fd Orel \u2013 Gaius Marius (157 \u2013 86 b.c.) - Viva Gladius<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.viva-gladius.com\/?p=833\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Neohro\u017een\u00fd Orel \u2013 Gaius Marius (157 \u2013 86 b.c.) - Viva Gladius\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Byl vojev\u016fdce a politik zvolen\u00fd celkem sedmkr\u00e1t \u0158\u00edmsk\u00fdm konzulem. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00fd jin\u00fd \u0158\u00edman tento \u00fa\u0159ad tolikr\u00e1t nezast\u00e1val. Do d\u011bjin \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu se zapsal tak\u00e9 reformou \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fdch arm\u00e1d,v n\u00ed\u017e nov\u011b p\u0159ipustil i verbov\u00e1n\u00ed ob\u010dan\u016f nedisponuj\u00edc\u00edch vlastn\u00ed p\u016fdou. Krom\u011b toho rovn\u011b\u017e reorganizoval a uspo\u0159\u00e1dal legie, jej\u00ed\u017e z\u00e1kladn\u00ed jednotkou se stala kohorta, m\u00edsto manipulu. Legenda vypr\u00e1v\u00ed, \u017ee m\u011bl Gaius Marius v&nbsp;d\u011btstv\u00ed nal\u00e9zt orl\u00ed hn\u00edzdo se sedmi vejci. Proto\u017ee orel byl pokl\u00e1d\u00e1n za posv\u00e1tn\u00e9 zv\u00ed\u0159e nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9ho boha, byla tato ud\u00e1lost pozd\u011bji vykl\u00e1d\u00e1na jako p\u0159edzv\u011bst jeho sedmin\u00e1sobn\u00e9ho konzul\u00e1tu. Pr\u00e1v\u011b Gaius Marius vydal na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, v n\u011bm\u017e byl orel ozna\u010den za ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fd symbol. Invaze germ\u00e1n\u016f v &nbsp;ji\u017en\u00ed Galii, v\u00e1zala velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fdch vojsk. \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 proto \u010delili nedostatku lidsk\u00fdch sil, s n\u00edm\u017e se obt\u00ed\u017en\u011b vyrovn\u00e1vali. Mari\u016fv pl\u00e1n, jak tento probl\u00e9m vy\u0159e\u0161it, se uk\u00e1zal b\u00fdt jednou z nejp\u0159evratn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch reforem, jakou \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e1 legie v\u016fbec kdy podstoupila. Marius se uch\u00fdlil k bezprecedentn\u00edmu kroku, kdy\u017e poskytl st\u00e1l\u00e9 placen\u00e9 zam\u011bstnan\u00ed v podob\u011b slu\u017eby v jeho arm\u00e1d\u011b i bezzemk\u016fm. Krom\u011b toho jim Marius zaru\u010dil v\u00e1le\u010dnou ko\u0159ist a rovn\u011b\u017e p\u0159isl\u00edbil p\u0159\u00edd\u011bl p\u016fdy po propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed z vojska. Jeliko\u017e se chud\u00fdm ob\u010dan\u016fm nenask\u00fdtala jin\u00e1 mo\u017enost, jak zlep\u0161it sv\u00e9 spole\u010densk\u00e9 postaven\u00ed, ochotn\u011b se chopili \u0161ance, kterou jim Marius nab\u00eddl, a vstoupili do jeho nov\u00e9ho vojska. Voj\u00e1ci m\u011bli ov\u0161em velmi siln\u00fd osobn\u00ed z\u00e1jem podporovat sv\u00e9ho velitele t\u0159eba i proti v\u016fli \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9ho sen\u00e1tu, nebo\u0165 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na jejich gener\u00e1lovi z\u00e1viselo, zda po skon\u010den\u00ed slu\u017eby obdr\u017e\u00ed p\u0159isl\u00edbenou p\u016fdu. Mariem vytvo\u0159en\u00e9&nbsp;&nbsp;vojsko se stalo efektivn\u00ed vojenskou silou, le\u010d zcela loaj\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u016f\u010di sv\u00e9mu veliteli, nikoli v\u016f\u010di \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9mu st\u00e1tu. S\u00e1m Marius si t\u00edmto tahem zajistil opravdu velkou moc! Jeho voj\u00e1ci dostali neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u011b t\u011b\u017ek\u00fd v\u00fdcvik, a nau\u010dili se p\u0159ekon\u00e1vat velk\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti jen p\u011b\u0161mo, a to se sbalen\u00fdm cel\u00fdm le\u017een\u00edm. \u017dertovn\u011b si tato arm\u00e1da za\u010dala sama p\u0159ezd\u00edvat ,,Mariovi mezci\u201c. V roce 102 p\u0159ed Kristem se Kimbrov\u00e9 vr\u00e1tili z Hisp\u00e1nie do Galie a spole\u010dn\u011b s Teutony se rozhodli napadnout It\u00e1lii. Teutoni sm\u011b\u0159ovali na jih, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e m\u011bli v \u00famyslu proniknout do It\u00e1lie cestou pod\u00e9l pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed st\u0159edozemn\u00edho mo\u0159e. Naproti tomu Kimbrov\u00e9 se pokusili p\u0159ekro\u010dit poho\u0159\u00ed Alp a prorazit do It\u00e1lie ze severov\u00fdchodu skrze pr\u016fsmyk Brennersk\u00fd. Toto rozd\u011blen\u00ed sil se v\u0161ak m\u011blo uk\u00e1zat jako osudov\u00e1 chyba. \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 t\u011b\u017e\u00edc\u00ed ze sv\u00e9ho centr\u00e1ln\u00edho postaven\u00ed a kr\u00e1tk\u00fdch komunika\u010dn\u00edch lini\u00ed si nyn\u00ed mohli vybrat, proti kter\u00e9mu z kmen\u016f koncentruj\u00ed sv\u00e9 s\u00edly. Marius napadl nejprve Teutonsk\u00e9, t\u00e1hnouc\u00ed vst\u0159\u00edc Alp\u00e1m. Odm\u00edtl se jim postavit na m\u00edst\u011b, je\u017e si sami vybrali, a rad\u011bji se st\u00e1hl k Aquae Sixteae, kde jim p\u0159ehradil cestu. \u010celn\u00ed kontingent germ\u00e1nsk\u00fdch v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00edk\u016f tvo\u0159en\u00fd kmenem Ambron\u016f se odv\u00e1\u017en\u011b le\u010d po\u0161etile vrhl proti \u0158\u00edman\u016fm, ani\u017e by vy\u010dkal posil. V\u00fdsledkem bylo 30 000 mrtv\u00fdch barbar\u016f. Marius pot\u00e9 vy\u010dlenil 3000 sv\u00fdch voj\u00e1k\u016f a ukryl je do t\u00fdlu postupuj\u00edc\u00edho hlavn\u00edho t\u011blesa Teuton\u016f. Kdy\u017e barba\u0159i zah\u00e1jili \u00fatok, vpadl jim tento odd\u00edl legion\u00e1\u0159\u016f do zad. V nastal\u00e9 bitv\u011b byli Teutoni \u00fapln\u011b vyhlazeni. Po\u010det mrtv\u00fdch Germ\u00e1n\u016f se odhaduje asi na 100 000. Ztr\u00e1ty na stran\u011b ,,Mariov\u00fdch mezk\u016f\u201c ne\u010dinily ani 4000 mu\u017e\u016f. Mari\u016fv kolega Quintus Lutatius Catulus nem\u011bl tolik \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed, nebo\u0165 nedok\u00e1zal zabr\u00e1nit Kimbr\u016fm v pr\u016fchodu Brennersk\u00fdm pr\u016fsmykem koncem roku 102 p\u0159. n. l. a umo\u017enil jim tak proj\u00edt do P\u00e1dsk\u00e9 n\u00ed\u017einy. V zim\u011b byl Marius v \u0158\u00edm\u011b op\u011bt zvolen konzulem, na\u010de\u017e sp\u011bchal zp\u011bt na sever, aby se p\u0159ipojil ke Catulovi, jeho\u017e imp\u00e9rium bylo rovn\u011b\u017e prodlou\u017eeno. V l\u00e9t\u011b roku 101 p\u0159ed Kristem byla pak svedena bitva s Kimbry. V bitv\u011b u Vercell ,, Mariovi mezci\u201c znovu vydobyli v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed nad po\u010detn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi silami barbar\u016f, z nich\u017e v\u00edce ne\u017e 90 000 bylo zabito (v\u010detn\u011b \u017een a d\u011bt\u00ed) a v\u0161ichni ostatn\u00ed upadli do otroctv\u00ed. Gaius Marius \u010dasto \u0159\u00edk\u00e1val \u017ee je py\u0161n\u00fd na sv\u016fj prost\u00fd p\u016fvod, a \u017ee jeho tituly jsou jizvy, kter\u00e9 utrp\u011bl v&nbsp;boji za \u0158\u00edm. P\u0159esto je nav\u017edy nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm neurozen\u00fdm mu\u017eem \u0158\u00edmsk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.viva-gladius.com\/?p=833\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Viva Gladius\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-03-03T08:45:41+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-03-03T08:45:42+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.viva-gladius.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/6200.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1600\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"900\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"bran01\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Napsal(a)\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"bran01\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Odhadovan\u00e1 doba \u010dten\u00ed\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minuty\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.viva-gladius.com\\\/?p=833#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.viva-gladius.com\\\/?p=833\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"bran01\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.viva-gladius.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/40851d9943acc4b6c8a51a1eb9692072\"},\"headline\":\"Neohro\u017een\u00fd Orel \u2013 Gaius Marius (157 \u2013 86 b.c.)\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-03-03T08:45:41+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-03-03T08:45:42+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.viva-gladius.com\\\/?p=833\"},\"wordCount\":852,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.viva-gladius.com\\\/?p=833#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.viva-gladius.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/03\\\/6200.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"History\"],\"inLanguage\":\"cs\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.viva-gladius.com\\\/?p=833#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.viva-gladius.com\\\/?p=833\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.viva-gladius.com\\\/?p=833\",\"name\":\"Neohro\u017een\u00fd Orel \u2013 Gaius Marius (157 \u2013 86 b.c.) - 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Viva Gladius","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.viva-gladius.com\/?p=833","og_locale":"cs_CZ","og_type":"article","og_title":"Neohro\u017een\u00fd Orel \u2013 Gaius Marius (157 \u2013 86 b.c.) - Viva Gladius","og_description":"Byl vojev\u016fdce a politik zvolen\u00fd celkem sedmkr\u00e1t \u0158\u00edmsk\u00fdm konzulem. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00fd jin\u00fd \u0158\u00edman tento \u00fa\u0159ad tolikr\u00e1t nezast\u00e1val. Do d\u011bjin \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu se zapsal tak\u00e9 reformou \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fdch arm\u00e1d,v n\u00ed\u017e nov\u011b p\u0159ipustil i verbov\u00e1n\u00ed ob\u010dan\u016f nedisponuj\u00edc\u00edch vlastn\u00ed p\u016fdou. Krom\u011b toho rovn\u011b\u017e reorganizoval a uspo\u0159\u00e1dal legie, jej\u00ed\u017e z\u00e1kladn\u00ed jednotkou se stala kohorta, m\u00edsto manipulu. Legenda vypr\u00e1v\u00ed, \u017ee m\u011bl Gaius Marius v&nbsp;d\u011btstv\u00ed nal\u00e9zt orl\u00ed hn\u00edzdo se sedmi vejci. Proto\u017ee orel byl pokl\u00e1d\u00e1n za posv\u00e1tn\u00e9 zv\u00ed\u0159e nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9ho boha, byla tato ud\u00e1lost pozd\u011bji vykl\u00e1d\u00e1na jako p\u0159edzv\u011bst jeho sedmin\u00e1sobn\u00e9ho konzul\u00e1tu. Pr\u00e1v\u011b Gaius Marius vydal na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, v n\u011bm\u017e byl orel ozna\u010den za ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fd symbol. Invaze germ\u00e1n\u016f v &nbsp;ji\u017en\u00ed Galii, v\u00e1zala velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fdch vojsk. \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 proto \u010delili nedostatku lidsk\u00fdch sil, s n\u00edm\u017e se obt\u00ed\u017en\u011b vyrovn\u00e1vali. Mari\u016fv pl\u00e1n, jak tento probl\u00e9m vy\u0159e\u0161it, se uk\u00e1zal b\u00fdt jednou z nejp\u0159evratn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch reforem, jakou \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e1 legie v\u016fbec kdy podstoupila. Marius se uch\u00fdlil k bezprecedentn\u00edmu kroku, kdy\u017e poskytl st\u00e1l\u00e9 placen\u00e9 zam\u011bstnan\u00ed v podob\u011b slu\u017eby v jeho arm\u00e1d\u011b i bezzemk\u016fm. Krom\u011b toho jim Marius zaru\u010dil v\u00e1le\u010dnou ko\u0159ist a rovn\u011b\u017e p\u0159isl\u00edbil p\u0159\u00edd\u011bl p\u016fdy po propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed z vojska. Jeliko\u017e se chud\u00fdm ob\u010dan\u016fm nenask\u00fdtala jin\u00e1 mo\u017enost, jak zlep\u0161it sv\u00e9 spole\u010densk\u00e9 postaven\u00ed, ochotn\u011b se chopili \u0161ance, kterou jim Marius nab\u00eddl, a vstoupili do jeho nov\u00e9ho vojska. Voj\u00e1ci m\u011bli ov\u0161em velmi siln\u00fd osobn\u00ed z\u00e1jem podporovat sv\u00e9ho velitele t\u0159eba i proti v\u016fli \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9ho sen\u00e1tu, nebo\u0165 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na jejich gener\u00e1lovi z\u00e1viselo, zda po skon\u010den\u00ed slu\u017eby obdr\u017e\u00ed p\u0159isl\u00edbenou p\u016fdu. Mariem vytvo\u0159en\u00e9&nbsp;&nbsp;vojsko se stalo efektivn\u00ed vojenskou silou, le\u010d zcela loaj\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u016f\u010di sv\u00e9mu veliteli, nikoli v\u016f\u010di \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9mu st\u00e1tu. S\u00e1m Marius si t\u00edmto tahem zajistil opravdu velkou moc! Jeho voj\u00e1ci dostali neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u011b t\u011b\u017ek\u00fd v\u00fdcvik, a nau\u010dili se p\u0159ekon\u00e1vat velk\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti jen p\u011b\u0161mo, a to se sbalen\u00fdm cel\u00fdm le\u017een\u00edm. \u017dertovn\u011b si tato arm\u00e1da za\u010dala sama p\u0159ezd\u00edvat ,,Mariovi mezci\u201c. V roce 102 p\u0159ed Kristem se Kimbrov\u00e9 vr\u00e1tili z Hisp\u00e1nie do Galie a spole\u010dn\u011b s Teutony se rozhodli napadnout It\u00e1lii. Teutoni sm\u011b\u0159ovali na jih, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e m\u011bli v \u00famyslu proniknout do It\u00e1lie cestou pod\u00e9l pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed st\u0159edozemn\u00edho mo\u0159e. Naproti tomu Kimbrov\u00e9 se pokusili p\u0159ekro\u010dit poho\u0159\u00ed Alp a prorazit do It\u00e1lie ze severov\u00fdchodu skrze pr\u016fsmyk Brennersk\u00fd. Toto rozd\u011blen\u00ed sil se v\u0161ak m\u011blo uk\u00e1zat jako osudov\u00e1 chyba. \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 t\u011b\u017e\u00edc\u00ed ze sv\u00e9ho centr\u00e1ln\u00edho postaven\u00ed a kr\u00e1tk\u00fdch komunika\u010dn\u00edch lini\u00ed si nyn\u00ed mohli vybrat, proti kter\u00e9mu z kmen\u016f koncentruj\u00ed sv\u00e9 s\u00edly. Marius napadl nejprve Teutonsk\u00e9, t\u00e1hnouc\u00ed vst\u0159\u00edc Alp\u00e1m. Odm\u00edtl se jim postavit na m\u00edst\u011b, je\u017e si sami vybrali, a rad\u011bji se st\u00e1hl k Aquae Sixteae, kde jim p\u0159ehradil cestu. \u010celn\u00ed kontingent germ\u00e1nsk\u00fdch v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00edk\u016f tvo\u0159en\u00fd kmenem Ambron\u016f se odv\u00e1\u017en\u011b le\u010d po\u0161etile vrhl proti \u0158\u00edman\u016fm, ani\u017e by vy\u010dkal posil. V\u00fdsledkem bylo 30 000 mrtv\u00fdch barbar\u016f. Marius pot\u00e9 vy\u010dlenil 3000 sv\u00fdch voj\u00e1k\u016f a ukryl je do t\u00fdlu postupuj\u00edc\u00edho hlavn\u00edho t\u011blesa Teuton\u016f. Kdy\u017e barba\u0159i zah\u00e1jili \u00fatok, vpadl jim tento odd\u00edl legion\u00e1\u0159\u016f do zad. V nastal\u00e9 bitv\u011b byli Teutoni \u00fapln\u011b vyhlazeni. Po\u010det mrtv\u00fdch Germ\u00e1n\u016f se odhaduje asi na 100 000. Ztr\u00e1ty na stran\u011b ,,Mariov\u00fdch mezk\u016f\u201c ne\u010dinily ani 4000 mu\u017e\u016f. Mari\u016fv kolega Quintus Lutatius Catulus nem\u011bl tolik \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed, nebo\u0165 nedok\u00e1zal zabr\u00e1nit Kimbr\u016fm v pr\u016fchodu Brennersk\u00fdm pr\u016fsmykem koncem roku 102 p\u0159. n. l. a umo\u017enil jim tak proj\u00edt do P\u00e1dsk\u00e9 n\u00ed\u017einy. V zim\u011b byl Marius v \u0158\u00edm\u011b op\u011bt zvolen konzulem, na\u010de\u017e sp\u011bchal zp\u011bt na sever, aby se p\u0159ipojil ke Catulovi, jeho\u017e imp\u00e9rium bylo rovn\u011b\u017e prodlou\u017eeno. V l\u00e9t\u011b roku 101 p\u0159ed Kristem byla pak svedena bitva s Kimbry. V bitv\u011b u Vercell ,, Mariovi mezci\u201c znovu vydobyli v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed nad po\u010detn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi silami barbar\u016f, z nich\u017e v\u00edce ne\u017e 90 000 bylo zabito (v\u010detn\u011b \u017een a d\u011bt\u00ed) a v\u0161ichni ostatn\u00ed upadli do otroctv\u00ed. Gaius Marius \u010dasto \u0159\u00edk\u00e1val \u017ee je py\u0161n\u00fd na sv\u016fj prost\u00fd p\u016fvod, a \u017ee jeho tituly jsou jizvy, kter\u00e9 utrp\u011bl v&nbsp;boji za \u0158\u00edm. P\u0159esto je nav\u017edy nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm neurozen\u00fdm mu\u017eem \u0158\u00edmsk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e.","og_url":"https:\/\/www.viva-gladius.com\/?p=833","og_site_name":"Viva Gladius","article_published_time":"2025-03-03T08:45:41+00:00","article_modified_time":"2025-03-03T08:45:42+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1600,"height":900,"url":"https:\/\/www.viva-gladius.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/6200.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"bran01","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Napsal(a)":"bran01","Odhadovan\u00e1 doba \u010dten\u00ed":"4 minuty"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.viva-gladius.com\/?p=833#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.viva-gladius.com\/?p=833"},"author":{"name":"bran01","@id":"https:\/\/www.viva-gladius.com\/#\/schema\/person\/40851d9943acc4b6c8a51a1eb9692072"},"headline":"Neohro\u017een\u00fd Orel \u2013 Gaius Marius (157 \u2013 86 b.c.)","datePublished":"2025-03-03T08:45:41+00:00","dateModified":"2025-03-03T08:45:42+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.viva-gladius.com\/?p=833"},"wordCount":852,"commentCount":0,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.viva-gladius.com\/?p=833#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.viva-gladius.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/6200.jpg","articleSection":["History"],"inLanguage":"cs","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/www.viva-gladius.com\/?p=833#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.viva-gladius.com\/?p=833","url":"https:\/\/www.viva-gladius.com\/?p=833","name":"Neohro\u017een\u00fd Orel \u2013 Gaius Marius (157 \u2013 86 b.c.) - 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